The JC Higgins Model 20 12 gauge pump shotgun holds a special place in the hearts of many firearms enthusiasts, representing a significant piece of American firearms history. This guide delves deep into the history, features, variations, value, and common issues associated with this iconic shotgun.
A History of the JC Higgins Model 20
JC Higgins was a brand name used by Sears, Roebuck and Company for a wide variety of merchandise, including firearms. Many of their firearms were manufactured by other companies under contract, and the Model 20 shotgun is no exception. Most commonly, these shotguns were produced by High Standard Manufacturing Company, known for producing high-quality firearms. This collaboration resulted in a surprisingly robust and reliable shotgun, often exceeding expectations for a department store firearm. The Model 20's popularity stemmed from its affordability and dependable performance, making it a staple in homes and fields across America for decades. Its production spanned several years, leading to variations in features and markings.
Identifying Features of the JC Higgins Model 20
Identifying a genuine JC Higgins Model 20 requires careful observation of several key features:
Markings:
- The most prominent marking is the "JC Higgins Model 20" designation, usually found on the receiver.
- The manufacturer's mark (often High Standard) may also be present, though sometimes subtly or absent on certain variations.
- Serial numbers are crucial for dating and tracing the firearm's history.
Construction and Mechanics:
- The action is a classic pump-action design, known for its relatively simple and durable mechanism.
- Most models feature a blued steel finish, though variations exist.
- Wood stocks are common, typically made from walnut or a similar hardwood.
Variations and Differences in Model 20 Shotguns
The JC Higgins Model 20 wasn't a monolithic design. Several variations exist, often reflecting changes in production or minor design tweaks over the years. These variations might include differences in:
- Barrel Length: Common barrel lengths ranged from 26 to 30 inches.
- Stock Configuration: Variations in stock style, drop, and cast are common.
- Finish: Some models might have a different finish (e.g., a nickel finish).
- Chokes: The type and constriction of the choke are points of variation.
Assessing the Value of a JC Higgins Model 20
The value of a JC Higgins Model 20 varies greatly depending on several factors:
- Condition: The firearm's overall condition is the primary determinant of value. A well-preserved, original example commands a higher price than a heavily worn or modified gun.
- Rarity: Certain variations, barrel lengths, or finishes might be rarer than others, increasing their collector value.
- Completeness: The presence of all original parts and accessories (e.g., the original box) significantly increases value.
It's crucial to consult current firearms appraisal guides and online auction sites to get a realistic estimate of the value of a specific JC Higgins Model 20 shotgun.
Common Issues and Maintenance
While known for their reliability, JC Higgins Model 20 shotguns are not immune to wear and tear. Common issues include:
- Rust: Blued steel finishes are susceptible to rust, especially if not properly stored.
- Wood Damage: Wooden stocks can crack or become damaged over time.
- Mechanical Issues: Like any firearm, regular maintenance is essential to prevent malfunctions. This includes cleaning, lubrication, and checking for wear and tear.
Regular cleaning and proper storage are crucial for preserving the firearm's functionality and value.
Conclusion
The JC Higgins Model 20 12 gauge pump shotgun represents a fascinating chapter in American firearm history. Its affordability and reliability cemented its place as a popular and enduring shotgun. By understanding its history, features, and potential issues, collectors and enthusiasts can better appreciate this classic piece of Americana. Remember always to handle firearms safely and responsibly. Consult with a qualified gunsmith for any repairs or maintenance that you cannot perform safely.
